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¹ Viticulture Research Institute, 59200, Tekirdağ, Türkiye DOI : 10.16882/HortiS.1365224 Viewed : 712 - Downloaded : 377 The study was conducted in İzmir, Manisa, Çanakkale, Balıkesir, and Bilecik provinces to determine nematode diversity and community structure. Thirtysix genera (İzmir 34 genera; Manisa 32 genera; Bilecik 21 genera; Çanakkale 28 genera) with different trophic groups were recorded: fungivores (3 genera; e.g., Aphelenchoides spp.), bacterivores (9 genera, e.g., Achromadora Cobb, 1913 and Plectus Bastian 1865 spp.), omnivore (4 genera; e.g., Aporcelaimus Thorne, 1936 and Dorylaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 and Eudorylaimus Andrassy, 1959 spp.), predators (3 genera; e.g., Clarkus spp.), herbivores (17 genera; e.g., Boleodorus tylactus Thorne, 1941). Twenty-six species of herbivores were identified, and the most common species were from the genera Filenchus Andrassy, 1954, Geocenamus Thorne & Malek, 1968; Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1934, and Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845; Mesorhabditis Osche, 1952; Cephalobus Bastian, 1865; Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924; Mesodorylaimus Andreassy, 1959; Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865, and Ditylenchus Filipjev were other commonly found nematode genera. Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Longidorus elongatus, Xiphinema index, X. italiae, Praylenchus thornei, and P. neglectus identified constitute a severe threat to grape production by causing crop damage or transmitting virus diseases. Keywords : Community structure Distribution Nematode fauna Predators Vineyards